Longlining: The Angler's Guide

Just imagine the vast expanse of the ocean, the endless horizon, and the fishing line that seems to chase the elusiveness of the horizon and stretches into the depths, reaching out for the trophy fish.

This raw yet thrilling fishing technique perfectly fits into this scenography. Its essence is to follow the long or main line behind the boat while the hooks are attached to the nets at intervals, ready to attract the target species and bring that exhilarating moment of the catch. 

Indeed, commercial anglers often perform this technique, but its appeal is broader. Longline fishing is a versatile art that can be enjoyed by anglers who have a deep passion for the sea and its mysteries.

It combines complexity and simplicity, from setting the line, tracking, and hauling in the catch to maintaining the skill and patience that makes it as much an art as a science. Its versatility empowers anglers to adapt to different environments and species, instilling confidence in their fishing skills.

The guide is a comprehensive resource that will walk you through the basics of longline fishing, from the best lines to baits and hooks that produce the best results. Whether you're an experienced angler or a curious beginner, you'll find everything you need to know to understand or take your performance to the next level.

Understanding Longlining

It is a very sophisticated and efficient fishing technique that brings joy to commercial mass anglers and recreationists. There are almost no fish species you cannot catch with a longline, as this technique involves laying out a main fishing line that can stretch for miles, with numerous baited hooks attached.

From surface Tuna to deep-sea creatures like Swordfish and Sole, all these fish can be caught with a longline. 

What best characterizes the technique is strategy and meticulousness. The main line, a longline, is placed horizontally in the water column, supported by buoys and weights. Shorter lines or leaders are attached to the line, each equipped with baited hooks. Another advantage is that the entire configuration can be set to float at different depths.

Why Use Longlining

The effectiveness of longline fishing is genuinely remarkable. It covers vast ocean areas and sets hundreds to thousands of hooks simultaneously, significantly increasing the chances of a successful catch. It's almost impossible not to have fishing luck with this technique. 

In addition, it is applicable and easily adaptable to different aquatic environments, from shallow coastal waters to the deep ocean via estuarine rivers, making it effective for catching a wide range of species, including pelagic and demersal fish.

From an economic perspective, longline fishing is a cost-effective method for commercial fishing, as it yields high by catching large quantities of high-value species such as Tuna and Swordfish. But you can also use it for hunting just for fun.

Although more commonly used in commercial fishing, longline hauling, which refers to the process of pulling in the longline, can be enjoyable and productive for recreational anglers if practiced responsibly.

When to Use Longlining

You can use it whenever you want, provided that you have to adapt to specific species in different environments. Although, in principle, it can be used in fresh waters, it has proven itself best in seas and oceans, where the technique shows its full glory. 

That is, for hunting larger species such as Tuna and Swordfish or Marlin. It can be applied both day and night and during all seasons. Although it is commonly used in commercial operations for its efficiency and high yield, recreational anglers can benefit from longlines by complying with local regulations and focusing on productive fishing objectives.

Why Fish Gather on Longlining

The fish are collected on the longline setups because the whole technique and gear are strategically organized. Baits are placed along the main line, with numerous hooks spaced at intervals, each bait to attract fish. In this way, a natural food source or prey is presented or imitated; it quite successfully lures the fish to explore and potentially bite. 

What's also interesting is that longline hauling patterns allow anglers to cover a wide area in the ocean, increasing the likelihood of intercepting schools of fish or targeting certain species that are known to congregate in certain regions.

Fish Species Commonly Caught by Longlining

By now, you have probably realized that there are no limits and that you can catch popular trophy species in saltwater or freshwater. Here are the most sought-after fish for longlining.

• Tuna: All types of Tuna, focusing on those caught for their high market value, such as Bluefin, Yellowfin, and Albacore Tuna.

• Swordfish: A famous fish, a great and one of those species for which interest never goes away. 

• Hake: A prevalent fish that is often found in the Atlantic and Pacific oceans.

• Snapper: You will also find a variety of Snapper, including Red Snapper, especially around corals and reefs.

• Mahi Mahi: Beautiful Mahi Mahi, fished as an interesting green attraction, but also for meat.

• Grouper: Various species of Grouper are targeted, especially in deeper water, where you can catch some imposing specimens. 

• Bass: There are many types of this fish, and almost all of them are one of the favorites targeted by anglers.

• Catfish: Species such as Channel Catfish, Blue Catfish, and Flathead Catfish can be caught with longlines in freshwater rivers and lakes. 

• Pike: The Northern Pike is one of the most popular fish caught in freshwater bodies with longlines. 

• Walleye: Known for its delicious fillets, it is often caught in streams and lakes. 

• Trout: Many anglers love and value Trout, whether lake Trout or Brown Trout, which can be targeted in deeper freshwater lakes.

As we said, you can't run out of catches with this technique. It is almost impossible.

Essential Gear for Longline

This technique is specific because it differs from typical fishing, with no rods or classic fishing equipment. The primary focus is on the line, and to find out more details about the overall gear, read below.

Lines

Lines are the essence of this technique, and they must be of the highest quality possible to withstand all conditions and scenarios. So choose some of the following.

• Monofilament Lines: Monofilament threads are known for their high tensile strength, good abrasion resistance, and a relatively favorable price. They are not visible in the water, which helps to reduce the fear of fish. They are commonly used for both mainline and longline leaders because they are flexible and strong.

• Braided Lines: These are made of several threads, i.e., synthetic fibers such as Dacron, Spectra, or Dyneema. Thus, they result in an extremely high strength-to-diameter ratio, stretch minimally, and have excellent abrasion resistance. Precisely because of these benefits and the ability to bear large loads, they are used in long lines.

• Fluorocarbon Lines: Fluorocarbon filaments are made of polyvinylidene fluoride, a type of plastic that is almost invisible in water. They are also highly abrasion-resistant and have excellent knot strength.

• Polypropylene Lines: This type is made of light and buoyant synthetic fibers that float effortlessly on the water. Prides are resistant to mold and rot and are relatively inexpensive. They are easy to handle and have good knot retention, and due to their buoyancy, they are commonly used for float lines and longline markers.

• Wire Lines: This type is made of stainless steel or other corrosion-resistant metals. It is solid, resistant to wear and cutting, and can withstand heavy loads. Compared to different types of ropes, it will not tangle easily. They are mainly used as lines when targeting toothy or robust fish species, such as Sharks or large predatory fish.

If you use them in complex water environments, choose a stronger line to handle the fish's water pressure, weight, and temperament.

Weights

The weights ensure that the fishing line maintains the desired depth and position in the water column, which is significant for longlining. Read below to learn which type and position of weights are most often used.

• Lead Weights: They sink exceptionally quickly, and equipment stores are all equipped with various shapes and sizes, so you can easily find what suits you best. However, avoid using them due to potential environmental pollution.

• Stone Weights: Made of natural stone or rocks, stone weights are non-toxic and safe for the environment. They don't sink as fast as lead but won't stay on the surface for long, either. It is true, though, that they are more bulky and irregularly shaped.

• Steel Weights: Often used in longlining. Made of stainless steel or a combination of other metals, they are corrosion-resistant and almost perfectly balanced. The disadvantage is that they are more expensive than the others, and you must coat them with special corrosion protection if you want them to last longer.

• Biodegradable Weights: Born from the idea and need for environmental protection, they are made of materials that naturally decompose over time. These are mainly bags filled with sand or weights made of biodegradable polymers. Their disadvantage is that they are not as heavy and dense as traditional ones and are increasingly popular among environmentally conscious anglers and recreationists.

The choice is certainly not easy, and it depends on how seriously you approach long-line fishing and protecting the marine environment. Choosing a less toxic alternative to lead is always a better option.

Buoys 

Buoys are important in longline fishing because they signal and let you know where and at what depth the line is, mark its location, and help the retrieval process.

• Foam Buoys: Very durable and easy to float, foam buoys are often used because of their buoyancy, resulting from the foam they are made of. They are lightweight, puncture-resistant, and come in various sizes and colors, making them easier to spot on the water.

• Inflatable Buoys: Flexible, space-saving, and made of durable, high-strength materials such as PVC or reinforced rubber. They are mainly used in situations where space is limited, such as small fishing boats. Their disadvantage is that they are prone to drilling and require regular maintenance.

• Hard Plastic Buoys: They are made of rigid high-density polyethylene, which ensures exceptional durability. They resist impact and UV degradation and can last many years in harsh marine conditions. Available in various shapes, sizes, and colors, they offer high visibility and reliable navigation. Plastic is highly toxic to the environment and should not be left in water.

• Biodegradable Buoys: Innovative and environmentally friendly because they are made of materials that decompose naturally. They are not as durable or long-lasting as foam or intricate plastic floats, but they are becoming increasingly popular among environmentally conscious and recreational anglers.

Choosing the correct type of buoy is important for the success of longlining fishing and for avoiding polluting the marine environment.

Hooks

Hooks are a fundamental component of longline fishing, and they significantly affect catch rates and the sustainability of fishing practices. The choice of hooks is significant and powerful, and the following options are most often used.

• J-Hooks: This hook type is almost unmissable in any angler's tackle box. It is simple and inexpensive, making it popular among commercial and recreational anglers.

• Circular Hooks: Circle hooks are designed with a circular shape so that when the fish bites, the hook tends to catch the corner of the fish's mouth, making it easier to release and increasing the survival rate of the released fish. They are highly recommended for sustainable fishing practices among conservation-minded anglers.

• Offset Hooks: This type has a slight bend or offset in the shank, which can increase the odds of successful hook placement. You can find them in J-hook and circle-hook designs. At the same time, offset hooks can be more effective in hooking fish and are mainly used in mass fishing.

• Hooks Without Barbs: Some are edgeless and have flattened hooks, making it easier to release the fish and reducing fish injuries. This method is recommended for anglers who want to reduce their impact on fish populations and promote sustainable fishing practices.

The type of hook you choose also depends on your goal and the line length.

Essential Baits and Lures for Longlining

Similarly to other fishing techniques, you can use live and artificial bait and even combine them. Read below which baits are recommended for seawater and which for fresh water.

Saltwater

Saltwater areas are very complex, especially if you go offshore. Although live bait is always a priority, the vibrancy and possibilities offered by artificials are also impressive. The following types are most often used in longlining in salt water.

Live Baits

When choosing live bait, consider what fish you primarily want to attract: Is it from depths or close to the surface? Make sure you know its favorite food. 

• Squid: A very effective live bait for almost all saltwater species, squid is the primary target of saltwater anglers. They have a striking natural smell and vivid movements, which most predators struggle to resist. Squid can be used whole or cut into strips.

• Mackerel: Mackerel is also popular. It is fatty and tasty, attracting predators from long distances. It can be used live or as cut bait, making it versatile for different fishing strategies.

• Sardines: Although small fish, they are fatty enough to attract a wide variety of marine species, including Tuna, Mahi Mahi, and Kingfish. Their high oil content creates a strong scent trail in the water, attracting fish from afar.

You can include various baits, but for marine areas, it is important that they have a strong smell and frantic movements because they will attract even distant fish.

Artificial Lures

Artificial baits are often attacked by those who advocate for the preservation of the underwater world; however, by acting responsibly, you can take advantage of all their advantages.

• Soft Plastic Lures: Varied, colorful, and rich, soft plastic lures mimic the look and movement of live bait, allowing anglers to match local prey fish. They have performed exceptionally well in fishing for Snapper and Grouper.

• Hard Baits: This group consists of crankbaits and jerkbaits, designed to imitate the swimming action of baitfish. They are primarily used to target fast species like Tuna and Wahoo.

• Metal Jigs: These versatile lures have a reflective surface that imitates the flash of bait fish. They attract species that are weak on visual cues and are easily diverted in this way. They can be vertically jigged or cast and retrieved, which makes them adaptable to different terrains and conditions.

Artificial lures are versatile, durable, and can be used several times. Of course, it is essential to know the character of the target fish and adjust the bait with color, movement, and reflection.

Freshwater

Practicing longlines in saltwater and freshwater is different because different species and environments require particular bait choices to optimize the catch rate. Therefore, even the choice of bait cannot be the same.

Live Baits

Typical freshwater live baits, including worms, minnows, and crayfish, will give you exceptional performance for various freshwater and demersal species, taking advantage of their natural movement and scent.

• Worms: These include nightcrawlers and minnows and are very effective for various freshwater species, such as Catfish, Bass, and Trout. They move naturally and have a strong enough scent to attract these species even from considerable depths. Depending on the target species and hook size, they can be used whole or cut into pieces.

• Minnows: These small fish serve as excellent live bait for larger predatory fish such as Bass, Pike, and Walleye. Live or dead minnows can be used, with live minnows often giving better results.

• Crabs: A very effective and popular live bait for targeting bottom-dwelling species such as Bass and Catfish. Their natural behavior and appearance make them attractive to predators, and they can be used whole or with claws removed for easier handling.

Remember that fish are also quite picky and will not easily accept all baits, so choose traits according to the environment and the specific taste of the target species.

Artificial Baits

Artificial lures are endlessly versatile and equally effective solutions for replicating the look and movement of live prey. With a quality angler, their ability to attract a number of species is unquestionable and sometimes even enchanting.

• Soft Plastic Baits: They imitate live bait's appearance and movement well, making them very effective. They come in various shapes, sizes, and colors, allowing them to adapt to local prey. It is beneficial for targeting species such as Bass and Crappies.

• Spinnerbaits: This type has paddles that spin and create a flash and vibration in the water, mimicking the movements of small lures. It is very effective for attracting Sea Bass and Pike. Spinnerbaits can be easily adjusted to different speeds and depths to match the behavior of the target species.

• Crankbaits: Designed to mimic the swimming action of baitfish, crankbaits can be used to target species such as Bass, Walleye, and Pike. They come in a variety of sizes and colors, and some are designed for diving to certain depths.

Having as many different baits as possible is always a good idea, and it can certainly be decisive in certain situations when you land the desired fish in your basket.

Where to Do Longlining

You need a larger body of water, primarily seas, oceans, and larger rivers and lakes. The choice of location for longline fishing depends on the target fish, environmental conditions, and regulatory considerations. The following locations are the places where longlining is most often carried out.

Open Ocean

The most common and rewarding choice targets Tuna, Swordfish, Marlin, and other large pelagic fish. These are deep, open waters far from shore, often in international waters, and these locations require extensive knowledge of migration patterns and ocean conditions. 

Although they are generally open to recreational fishing, commercial fishing vessels equipped for long voyages usually carry out this type of longline.

Coastal Waters

It implies deeper waters, but you don't have to go offshore. The goal is to catch species living near the bottom, such as Cod and Flounder. Careful line placement is required to avoid underwater obstacles, and the bait must be placed close to the bottom.

Continental Shelves and Slopes

In these areas, the seabed descends from the continental shelf into deeper waters. Depending on the depth and position, various types of fish of various sizes can be found. These fish require knowledge of underwater topography and boat and line handling skills at multiple depths.

Freshwater Lakes and Rivers

Although freshwater fishing is less common than marine longline fishing, it can be very effective in large water areas. It implies targeting Catfish, Pike, and Bass. As with seawater, it is essential to know the water's character and consider environmental factors such as water temperature and current.

Specific Longline Strategies

Longline fishing is a specific fishing technique that can be adapted to different environments and target species through particular strategies. Learn about the most famous strategies below.

Drifting Longlines

This technique involves deploying floating longlines in open water, allowing them to drift with ocean currents. The main goal is to catch species such as Tuna and Swordfish. The technique is intended for these large areas and is particularly effective for migratory species in deep waters far from the coast. 

Accurate knowledge of current patterns and migration routes is critical, along with proper buoy placement and constant line monitoring to maintain control and optimize catch rate.

Bottom Longlines

Bottom longlines target species that live along the ocean floor to target demersal species such as Cod, Flounder, and Haddock. The line must be tensioned to ensure it stays close to the seabed, making it very effective for bottom-dwelling fish. It is essential to pay careful attention to placement to avoid underwater obstacles and minimize habitat damage.

Vertical Longlines

This strategy involves placing vertical longlines vertically in the water column, often from a single buoy or float, which allows targeting multiple species at different depths. This technique is effective in areas with strong vertical stratification of fish, as it will enable catching pelagic and midwater species at the same time.

Precise depth targeting and frequent monitoring are necessary to adapt to changes in fish behavior and environmental conditions.

Surface Longlines

It is possible to perform the technique close to the water's surface, with baited hooks suspended at different depths to target species such as Mahi Mahi and Sailfish. The method is helpful for surface-dwelling species and is easier to track and retrieve than deeper longlines. 

However, it is sensitive to conditions such as waves and wind, requiring careful placement of buoys and management of line tension to maintain the desired depth and effectiveness.

Final Thoughts

Longlining reveals the cruelty and beauty of fishing through various baits and specific techniques tailored for different environments! Your interpretation depends on your character, fishing aspirations, and available aquatic environment!

We hope this guide has given you valuable insight into the world of longline fishing so you can decide if this technique is for you! In the meantime, don't hesitate to share your experiences, tips, and questions in the comments section! Tighten the lines, and happy fishing!